Don’t let them even SWAB you for Covid! Nano-machine in swab grabs onto your nasal cavities, digs into your brain!

March 17, 2021 John de Nugent English 2

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About nanotech nano-robot pads! To target the brain

December 6, 2020 Leave a commentWritten by IgienistaMentale

Translated from the Italian: https://igienistamentale.com/informazione/sui-tamponi-nano-robot-nanotech/

RESEARCHERS DESIGN SMALL MACHINES THAT DELIVER MEDICINE EFFICIENTLY
from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Johns Hopkins Researchers Design Tiny Machines That
Deliver Drugs Efficiently A theragripper is the size of a speck of dust. This pad contains dozens of small devices. Credit: Johns Hopkins University.
Inspired by a parasitic worm digging its sharp teeth into its host’s gut, Johns Hopkins researchers have designed tiny star-shaped micro-devices that can attach to the intestinal mucosa and release drugs into the body.

David Gracias, Ph.D., professor at Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, and Johns Hopkins gastroenterologist Florin M. Selaru, MD, director of the Johns Hopkins Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, led a team of biomedical researchers and engineers. that designed and tested shape-changing microdevices that mimic the way parasitic hookworm attaches to an organism’s gut

Made of metal and thin film that changes shape and coated in a heat-sensitive paraffin wax, “theragrippers,” each approximately the size of a speck of powder, can potentially carry any drug and gradually release it into the body.

The team published the results of an animal study this week as a cover article in the journal Science Advances.

The gradual or sustained release of a drug is a long sought-after goal in medicine. Selaru explains that a problem with extended-release drugs is that they often make their way entirely through the gastrointestinal tract before they are finished dispensing the drugs.

“The normal constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract make it impossible for the prolonged-release drugs to remain in the intestine long enough for the patient to receive the full dose,” says Selaru, who has worked with Gracias for more than 10 years. “We worked to solve this problem by designing these small drug transporters that can self-attach to the intestinal mucosa and maintain the drug load within the gastrointestinal tract for the desired duration.”

Thousands of theragrippers can be used in the gastrointestinal tract. When the paraffin coating on the forceps reaches the temperature inside the body, the devices self-close and snap to the colon wall. The closing action causes the tiny six-pronged devices to penetrate the mucosa and remain attached to the colon, where they are held and gradually release the payloads of the medicine into the body. Eventually, theragrippers lose their grip on the tissue and are expelled from the intestine via normal gastrointestinal muscle function.

Taken from the original research attachments

Thanks to the advances in biomedical engineering in recent years.

“We have seen the introduction of micro-fabricated dynamic smart devices that can be controlled by electrical or chemical signals,” he says. “But these clamps are so small that batteries, antennas and other components just don’t fit them.”

Theragrippers, says Gracias, doesn’t rely on electricity, wireless signals, or external controls. “Instead, they function like small compressed springs with a temperature-activated coating on the devices that release energy stored on its own at body temperature .”

Johns Hopkins researchers fabricated the devices with approximately 6,000 Theragrippers per 3-inch silicon wafer. In their animal experiments, they loaded a pain reliever drug onto the calipers. The researchers’ studies found that the animals given the theragrippers had higher concentrations of the analgesic in the bloodstream than the control group. The drug remained in the test subjects’ systems for nearly 12 hours versus two hours in the control group.

“Swarms of microscopic robots that can be injected” Tell Melinda Gates we can inject robots these days “

Pubmed, 9 June 2015

NANONEUROTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR DIRECT DELIVERY FROM NOSE TO BRAIN

Shadab Md,  

Gulam Mustafa

Sanjula Baboota

Javed Ali

Expansion of affiliations

ABSTRACT
Background: Brain disorders remain the leading cause of disability in the world and represent more hospitalizations and prolonged care than almost all other diseases combined. Most drugs, proteins and peptides do not easily penetrate the brain due to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), thus preventing the treatment of these conditions.

Objective: The focus has been on developing new and effective delivery systems to provide good bioavailability in the brain.

Methods : Intranasal administration is a non-invasive method of drug delivery that can bypass the BBB, allowing therapeutic substances direct access to the brain. However, intranasal administration produces rather low drug concentrations in the brain due to the limited permeability of the nasal mucosa and the harsh environment of the nasal cavity. Pre-clinical studies using drug encapsulation in nanoparticulate systems have improved nose-brain targeting and bioavailability in the brain. However, the toxic effects of nanoparticles on brain function are unknown.
Result and Conclusion : This review highlights the understanding of different brain diseases and the important pathophysiological mechanisms involved. The review discusses the role of nanotherapies in treating brain disorders through nose-to-brain transport, drug absorption mechanisms through the nasal mucosa to the brain, strategies for overcoming the blood brain barrier, nanoformulation strategies for enhancing targeting. cerebral nasal route and nanoparticle neurotoxicity problems.

 

INTRANASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM BASED ON SAQUINAVIR MESILATE NANOEMULSION FOR BRAIN MIRAGE

Affiliations  Hitendra S Mahajan 1, Milind S Mahajan , Pankaj P Nerkar , Anshuman Agrawal

Expand PMID: 24128122 DOI: 10.3109 / 10717544.2013.838014

 

EXTRACT

The central nervous system (CNS) is a prime immunological reservoir for providing sanctuary sites for HIV-1. Current anti-HIV drugs, although effective in reducing plasma viral levels, are unable to completely eradicate the virus from the body. The low permeability of HIV drugs across the blood brain barrier (BBB) ​​leads to insufficient release. Therefore, for the treatment of neuro-AIDS it is necessary to develop new approaches that improve the delivery of anti-HIV drugs to the CNS. The aim of this study was to develop intranasal (NE) nanoemulsion for improved bioavailability and central nervous system targeting of saquinavir mesylate (SQVM). SQVM is a protease inhibitor which is a poorly soluble drug widely used as an antiretroviral drug, with oral bioavailability of approximately 4%. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare the drug-loaded o / w nanoemulsion, characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, drug content. In addition, ex vivo permeation studies were performed using sheep’s nasal mucosa. Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug with oral bioavailability of about 4%. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare the drug-loaded o / w nanoemulsion, characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, drug content. In addition, ex vivo permeation studies were performed using sheep’s nasal mucosa. Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug with oral bioavailability of about 4%. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare the drug-loaded o / w nanoemulsion, characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, drug content. In addition, ex vivo permeation studies were performed using sheep’s nasal mucosa. Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, drug content. In addition, ex vivo permeation studies were performed using sheep’s nasal mucosa. Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, drug content. In addition, ex vivo permeation studies were performed using sheep’s nasal mucosa. Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug Optimized NE showed a significant increase in drug permeation rate compared to normal drug withdrawal (PDS). A cilia toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa did not show any significant adverse effects of NE loaded with SQVM. Results from in vivo biodistribution studies show a higher drug

concentration in the brain after intranasal NE administration compared to intravenously administered PDS. The higher rate of drug targeting efficiency (% DTE) and direct nose-brain drug transport rate (% DTP) for optimized NE indicated effective CNS targeting of SQVM intranasally. Rat brain gamma scintigraphy imaging conclusively demonstrated drug transport into the CNS to a greater extent after intranasal administration as NE.

SIMILAR ITEMS

 

NANOPARTICLES AND NANOCOMPOSITES OF HYDROGEL FOR THE DELIVERY OF NASAL DRUGS / VACCINES

Sara Salatin

Jaleh Barar

Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Khosro Adibkia

Alami Milani machine gun

Jelvehgari Miter

Expansion of affiliations Affiliations 1 Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. 2 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. 3 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Mailbox 51664, Tabriz, Iran. 4 Center for Applied Drug Research and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 5 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Mailbox 51664, Tabriz, Iran. mitra_jelvehgari@yahoo.com. 6 Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mitra_jelvehgari@yahoo.com. PMID: 27352214
DOI: 10.1007 / s12272-016-0782-0
EXTRACT
In recent years, nasal drug administration has attracted increasing attention and has been recognized as the most promising alternative route for systemic drug therapy limited to intravenous administration. Many experiments in animal models have shown that nanoscale transporters have the ability to improve nasal delivery of peptide / protein drugs and vaccines compared to conventional drug solution formulations. However, the rapid mucociliary clearance of drug-loaded nanoparticles may cause a reduction in the percentage of bioavailability after intranasal administration. Therefore, Research efforts have been significantly directed towards the development of hydrogel nanosystems that have mucoadhesive properties in order to maximize residence time and thus increase the period of contact with the nasal mucosa and improve drug absorption. It is certain that the high viscosity of hydrogel-based nanosystems can effectively offer this mucoadhesive property. This update review discusses the possible benefits of using polymer hydrogel nanoparticles and hydrogel nanocomposites for drug / vaccine delivery via intranasal administration. It is certain that the high viscosity of hydrogel-based nanosystems can effectively offer this mucoadhesive property. This update review discusses the possible benefits of using polymer hydrogel nanoparticles and hydrogel nanocomposites for drug / vaccine delivery via intranasal administration. It is certain that the high viscosity of hydrogel-based nanosystems can effectively offer this mucoadhesive property. This update review discusses the possible benefits of using polymer hydrogel nanoparticles and hydrogel nanocomposites for drug / vaccine delivery via intranasal administration.
SIMILAR ITEMS

SOURCE

SILVIU COSTINESCU

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