Some blacks are good people. One could say that about whites in general, too. 😉
John de Nugent
306 S. Steel St.
Ontonagon MI 49953
Saturday, 30 May 2020
[name, address]
Dear [X]:
[personal or professional remarks, then I go into racial matters.]
I also appreciate our own chats, sir, about what is going on.
Thomas Jefferson felt and published that blacks and whites simply would never get alone due to mindset differences and acute memories of many outrages committed by both races. (Margi had one herself in DC……. but she was also sexually assaulted by a white man.)
Marcus Garvey was in agreement with Jefferson on that pessimistic outlook, and it is shocking how the FBI’s J. Edgar Hoover targeted him (the 1919 letter is enclosed) and railroaded him into federal prison and then into expulsion from the USA back to Jamaica.
White people have no idea whatsoever who Marcus Garvey was, btw, and think the only longing of African-Americans has been, MLK-style, to integrate into majority-white society, which itself is a subtly “racist” idea.
*** Wikipedia article on Garvey, who died at just age 53, maybe from stress and a broken heart?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Garvey
Charge of mail fraud
In a memorandum dated 11 October 1919[11], J. Edgar Hoover, special assistant to the Attorney General and head of the General Intelligence Division (or “anti-radical division”) [12] of The Bureau of Investigation or BOI (after 1935, the Federal Bureau of Investigation),[13] wrote a memorandum to Special Agent Ridgely regarding Marcus Garvey.
Closet-jew and cross-dresser Hoover (he withheld his birth certificate until the year 1940, and that even was bogus; he lived with another man all his adult life, Assistant FBI director Clyde Tolman] ] was deeply involved in the murders of President John F. Kennedy, US Senator and leading presidential candidate Robert Kennedy, and of Martin Luther King (after he denounced the Vietnam War as a Wall Street enrichment scheme]
In the memo, Hoover wrote that:
JdN: Letter from FBI director J. Edgar Hoover of Oct. 11, 1919 demanding “something be found” to “get” Garvey. The Jamaican was railroaded for “fraud,” imprisoned, and then expelled from the US.
Unfortunately, however, he [Garvey] has not as yet violated any federal law whereby he could be proceeded against on the grounds of being an undesirable alien, from the point of view of deportation.[14][15]
TRANSCRIPT.
Memorandum to Special Agent Ridgely
J. Edgar Hoover to Special Agent Ridgely
Washington, D.C., October 11, 1919
MEMORANDUM FOR MR. RIDGELY.
I am transmitting herewith a communication which has come to my attention from the Panama Canal, Washington office, relative to the activities of Marcus Garvey. Garvey is a West-Indian negro and in addition to his activities in endeavoring to establish the Black Star Line Steamship Corporation he has also been particularly active among the radical elements in New York City in agitating the negro movement.
Unfortunately, however, he has not as yet violated any federal law whereby he could be proceeded against on the grounds of being an undesirable alien, from the point of view of deportation.
It occurs to me, however, from the attached clipping that there might be some proceeding against him for fraud in connection with his Black Star Line propaganda and for this reason I am transmitting the communication to you for your appropriate attention.
The following is a brief statement of Marcus Gravey and his activities:
Subject a native of the West Indies and one of the most prominent negro agitators in New York;
He is a founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League;
He is the promulgator of the Black Star Line and is the managing editor of the Negro World;
He is an exceptionally fine orator, creating much excitement among the negroes through his steamship proposition;
In his paper the “Negro World” the Soviet Russian Rule is upheld and there is open advocation of Bolshevism.Respectfully,
J. E. Hoover
[Typewritten reference] JEH-GPO
DNA, RG 60, file 198940. TMS, recipient’s copy.
Sometime around November 1919 an investigation by the BOI was begun into the activities of Garvey and the UNIA. Toward this end, the BOI hired James Edward Amos, Arthur Lowell Brent, Thomas Leon Jefferson, James Wormley Jones, and Earl E. Titus as its first five African-American agents. Although initial efforts by the BOI were to find grounds upon which to deport Garvey as “an undesirable alien”, a charge of mail fraud was brought against Garvey in connection with stock sales of the Black Star Line after the U.S. Post Office and the Attorney General joined the investigation.[15]
The accusation centered on the fact that the corporation had not yet purchased a ship with the name “Phyllis Wheatley”. Although one was pictured with that name emblazoned on its bow on one of the company’s stock brochures, it had not actually been purchased by the BSL and still had the name “Orion”.
The prosecution produced as evidence a single empty envelope which it claimed contained the brochure. During the trial, a man by the name of Benny Dancy testified that he didn’t remember what was in the envelope, although he regularly received brochures from the Black Star Line. Another witness for the prosecution, Schuyler Cargill, perjured himself after admitting[16] to having been told to mention certain dates in his testimony by Chief Prosecutor Maxwell S. Mattuck.
Furthermore, he admitted that he could not remember the names of any coworkers in the office, including the timekeeper who punched employees’ time cards. Ultimately, he acknowledged being told to lie by Postal Inspector F.E. Shea.[17] He said Shea told him to state that he mailed letters containing the purportedly fraudulent brochures. The Black Star Line did own and operate several ships over the course of its history and was in the process of negotiating for the disputed ship at the time the charges were brought. Assistant District Attorney, Leo H. Healy, who was, before he became a District Attorney, attorney for Harris McGill and Co., the sellers of the first ship, the S. S. Yarmouth, to the Black Star Line Inc., was also a key witness for the government during the trial.[18]
Of the four Black Star Line officers charged in connection with the enterprise, only Garvey was found guilty of using the mail service to defraud. His supporters called the trial fraudulent.
While there were serious accounting irregularities within the Black Star Line and the claims he used to sell Black Star Line stock could be considered misleading, Garvey’s supporters still contest that the prosecution was a politically motivated miscarriage of justice, given the above-mentioned false statement testimony and Hoover’s explicit regret that Garvey had committed no crimes.
When the trial ended on 23 June 1923, Garvey had been sentenced to five years in prison. Garvey blamed Jewish and Roman Catholic jurors and federal judge Julian Mack, a former president of the Zionist Organization of America, for his conviction.[19] He thought they had been biased because of their political objections to his meeting with the acting imperial wizard of the Ku Klux Klan the year before.[19]
In 1928, Garvey told a journalist:
“When they wanted to get me they had a Jewish judge try me, and a Jewish prosecutor. I would have been freed but two Jews on the jury held out against me ten hours and succeeded in convicting me, whereupon the Jewish judge gave me the maximum penalty.”[19]
He initially spent three months in the Tombs Jail awaiting approval of bail. Then, while out on bail, he continued to maintain his innocence, travel, speak and organize the UNIA. After numerous attempts at appeal were unsuccessful, he was taken into custody and began serving his sentence at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary on 8 February 1925.[20]
Two days later, he penned his well known “First Message to the Negroes of the World From Atlanta Prison” wherein he makes his famous proclamation:
”
Look for me in the whirlwind or the storm, look for me all around you, for, with God’s grace, I shall come and bring with me countless millions of black slaves who have died in America and the West Indies and the millions in Africa to aid you in the fight for Liberty, Freedom and Life.[21]
”
Professor Judith Stein has stated, “his politics were on trial.”[22]
Garvey’s sentence was eventually commuted by President Calvin Coolidge. Upon his release in November 1927, Garvey was deported via New Orleans to Jamaica, where a large crowd met him at Orrett’s Wharf in Kingston. A huge procession and band converged on UNIA headquarters.
***
When we were at the Mayo Clinic last fall for two months, we met many Minnesotans who said that the Twin Cities […]was the liberal-progressive bastion of Minnesota politics, unlike rural Minnesota.
Well, if the v-e-r-y liberal/progressive Twin Cities (with the mayor of St. Paul being black himself) has race riots, and overt white police brutality, then maybe Garvey was not so “off” that the racial thing is a bit intractable with the current approaches – integrating two hostile groups.
However, the seminal work for me in my modern thinking, since 2006, about race and other sources of friction, has been The Sociopath Next Door by Martha Stout, MD. (It was a bestseller and came out in eleven languages.) After reading this, I realized that the real problem is the 5% of sociopaths on all racial sides, white, black, brown, yellow, whatever, and in the political parties.
Stout basically says that sociopaths elbow aside — with their far superior ruthlessnes and ability to lie convincingly and to conspire and plot, using slander and even murder — all their competitors.
So they rise to the top of everything: politics, religion, racial and ethnic movements, Hollywood studios, medicine, admin, Big Pharma, plus various rogue generals, admirals, cops and sheriffs, etc.
A good example of a smooth but brutal black psychopath – Bill Cosby. A jewish one: Harvey Weinstein. A white one: Bill Clinton (and Hillary), IMO, or maybe Joe Biden, and certainly Trump.
Since her book came out, various MDs have published many brain scans of psychopaths, so this is a quantifiable thing – big blue areas where the compassion centers in the brain are dead, and red patches where viewing suffering triggers their intense pleasure. Adrian Raines, MD of England studied maximum-security prisoners and his results were astounding. The scans don’t lie. These are men who are bad to the bone, incorrigible by definition and even untreatable….
Suppose, instead, we demanded that any leader (of anything with more than fifty members or employees) have a brain scan to see if he were a lying, conniving psychopath?
How would the racial situation be in the US now – if the non-sociopathic majority could elect verifiably non-sociopathic leaders, men and women of good will whose specialty was not us-versus-them, blame-game, and divide-and-conquer, but instead “Can’t we all just get along?”
Anyway, I will miss our brief chats. Maybe someday you will go into politics – many […] have done so. African-Americans and European-Americans both deserve better representatives, or I do fear the worst.
Thanks again for your work, and we will miss you, unless we stay in touch!
Best,
John de Nugent
john_denugent@yahoo.com
……My essay on psychopaths
https://johndenugent.com/english/they-hacked-my-psychopaths-in-power-article-here-it-is-again/
….Email to an antizionist black friend
I wrote to an antizionist black friend who had asked me my stance on the Confederate flag:
African slavery was introduced by sephardic Jews in Charleston to America, and it has been a get-rich quick scheme for them (and at the time for certain greedy British monarchs) and a horrible curse for all the rest of us, black and white.
The only real solution is some kind of realistic Garveyism (self-rule at some or any location), which is why the FBI railroaded Marcus Garvey.
http://en.metapedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Garvey
During a trip to Jamaica, Martin Luther King and his wife Coretta Scott King visited the shrine of Marcus Garvey on 20 June 1965 and laid a wreath.[35] In a speech he told the audience that Garvey “was the first man of color to lead and develop a mass movement. He was the first man on a mass scale and level to give millions of Negroes a sense of dignity and destiny. And make the Negro feel he was somebody.”[36]
King was also the posthumous recipient of the first Marcus Garvey Prize for Human Rights on 10 December 1968 issued by the Jamaican Government and presented to King’s widow.
The United States of Africa first saw light in a 1924 poem by Garvey and is still discussed.
There have been pop culture references to Marcus Garvey since he first came on the international scene. Garvey is cited repeatedly in a diverse variety of books, songs and films. He is mentioned particularly frequently in blues, reggae, jazz and hip hop music.
In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Marcus Garvey on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[37]
Rastafari and Garvey
Rastafarians consider Garvey a religious prophet, and sometimes even the reincarnation of Saint John the Baptist. This is partly because of his frequent statements uttered in speeches throughout the 1920s, usually along the lines of “Look to Africa, when a black king shall be crowned for the day of deliverance is at hand!”[38]
His beliefs deeply influenced the Rastafari, who took his statements as a prophecy of the crowning of Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. Early Rastas were associated with his Back-to-Africa movement in Jamaica. This early Rastafari movement was also influenced by a separate, proto-Rasta movement known as the Afro-Athlican Church that was outlined in a religious text known as the Holy Piby ” where Garvey was proclaimed to be a prophet as well. Thus, the Rastafari movement can be seen as an offshoot of Garveyite philosophy. As his beliefs have greatly influenced Rastafari, he is often mentioned in reggae music.
Garvey himself never identified with the Rastafari movement, and was, in fact, raised as a Methodist who went on to become a Catholic.
Memorials to Garvey
There are a number of memorials worldwide which honor Marcus Garvey. Most are in Jamaica and the United States.
Jamaica
- A marker in front of the house of his birth at 32 Market Street, St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica.[39]
- A statue on the grounds of St. Ann’s Bay Parish Library.
- A secondary school in his name in St. Ann’ Bay.
- A major highway in his name in Kingston.
- A bust in Apex Park in Kingston.
- Likeness on the Jamaican 50 cent coin, 20 dollar coin and 25 cent coin.
- A building in his name housing the Jamaican Ministry of Foreign Affairs located in New Kingston.
- A Marcus Garvey statue at National Heroes Park in Kingston, JA.
- The album “Marcus Garvey” and “Garvey’s Ghost” (a dub version of the “Marcus Garvey” album) by reggae legend Burning Spear.
- A deejay version (Jamaican rap) by reggae legend Big Youth, based on an instrumental mix of the original Burning Spear recording “Marcus Garvey”.
- A cover version of Burning Spear’s “Marcus Garvey” recorded by reggae singer Spectacular (as Burning Spectacular) was released in 2002 on a 12″ vinyl record on the Jamaican label Human Race Records. Produced by Bruno Blum, it features an original recording of a live Marcus Garvey speech in which several key slogans of the Rastafari movement founded in the 1930s can be heard. The flip side includes another recording by Big Youth of the “Marcus Garvey” composition mentioned right above.
- In the Bob Marley song “so much things to say” Marley sings “I’ll never forget, no way. They crucify Jesus Christ, I’ll never forget, no way. They sold Marcus Garvey for rice”.
- Reggae band The Gladiators recorded the song “Marcus Garvey Time”, proclaiming him as a prophet with lyrics like, “Every thing he has said has come to pass”.
- Deejay/Producer Mikey Dread acknowledges him as an inspiration and calls him a national hero on the 1982 track “In Memory (Jacob, Marcus & Marley)”.
- Song by Reggae artist Anthony B titled “Honour to Marcus.”
Trinidad
- A statue on Harris Promenade, San Fernando
United States of America
- Park in his name and a New York Public Library branch dedicated to him in New York City‘s Harlem.
- A major street in his name in the historically Black Brooklyn neighbourhood of Bedford Stuyvesant in New York City.
- Marcus Garvey elementary school in the historically Black Brooklyn neighbourhood of Bedford Stuyvesant in New York City call P.S.44.
- The Universal Hip Hop Parade held annually in Brooklyn on the Saturday before his birthday to carry on his use of popular culture as a tool of empowerment and to encourage the growth of Black institutions.
- A park in his name in the Tenderloin District of San Francisco, California.
- A Marcus Garvey Cultural Center, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado.
- A secondary school in Trenton, New Jersey.
- A Community Center and Senior Housing Community in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.
- Marcus Garvey school. A K through 8 grade private school in Los Angeles, California.
- Marcus Garvey school. A Pre-K through 8 grade public magnet in math and science in Chicago, Illinois.
- Marcus Books stores are named after him in San Francisco and Oakland.
- Boston indie band Piebald wrote a song titled “If Marcus Garvey Dies, Then Marcus Garvey Lives” for their 1999 release “If It Weren’t For Venetian Blinds, It Would Be Curtains for us All”
- Ska band Hepcat recorded the song “Marcus Garvey” on their album Scientific.
- Sinéad O’Connor‘s reggae album, released in 2008, has a track named “Marcus Garvey” that is a remake of an earlier song by the same name from the Jamaican reggae artist Burning Spear
Canada
- Marcus Garvey Centre for Unity in Edmonton, Alberta [40]
- Marcus Garvey day festival held yearly on 17 August in Toronto (North York), Ontario [41]
- United Negro Improvement Association Hall located in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia
- Marcus Garvey Bar & Grill in Toronto
- Marcus Garvey Centre for Leadership and Education in Jane-Finch area of Toronto
Africa
- A major street in his name in Nairobi, Kenya.
- A street named after him in Enugu, Nigeria.
- A neighborhood bearing his name in the township of Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa.
- A library named after him in Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
United Kingdom
- A small park in his name in West Kensington, London, England.
- Marcus Garvey Centre in Lenton, Nottingham, England.
- A Marcus Garvey Library inside the Tottenham Green Leisure Centre building in North London, England.
- Marcus Garvey Road in Brixton, London.
- Blue plaque at 53, Talgarth Road, Hammersmith, London, England:
GARVEY, Marcus (1887-1940) Pan-Africanist Leader, lived and died here, 53 Talgarth Road, W14. [Hammersmith and Fulham 2005]
- Marcus Garvey statue in Willesden Green Library, Brent, London England
See also
- African American literature
- Black Nationalism
- Right of return
- Pan Africanism
- Double-duty dollar
- Robert Jordan
References
- ↑ Encyclopedia Britannica Online. “Marcus Garvey.” Retrieved on 2008-02-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The “Back to Africa” Myth. UNIA-ACL website (2005-07-14). Retrieved on 2007-04-01.
- ↑ Garvey, Marcus; Jacques-Garvey, Amy (ed.) (1986). The philosophy and opinions of Marcus Garvey or Africa for the Africans. Dover (Mass.): Majority Press, 163. ISBN 0-912469-24-2.
- ↑ Crowder, Ralph L. (January 1, 2003). “Grand old man of the movement:” John Edward Bruce, Marcus Garvey, and the UNIA.” African-Americans in New York Life and History. Retrieved through freelibrary.com on 2008-02-17.
- ↑ UNIA-ACL website from Archive.org, The “Back to Africa” Myth., Accessed November 19, 2007.
- ↑ UNIA ACL Website Historical Facts about Marcus Garvey and the UNIA [1]. Published January 28, 2005 BY THE UNIA-ACL. Accessed 2007-04-01.
- ↑ Historical Facts about Marcus Garvey and the UNIA From Archive.org. Accessed November 19, 2007.
- ↑ “African American Political Thought, 1890-1930: Washington, Du Bois, Garvey”, pg 169, M.E. Sharpe (Armonk NY) 1996.
- ↑ The Negro’s Greatest Enemy by Marcus Garvey, Posted/Revised: 28 May 2002, Last Accessed 31 October 2007
- ↑ Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey Or, Africa for the Africans By Marcus Garvey pg 122, Majority Press Fitchburg, MA;1986 Centennial Edition. Retrieved on 1 December 2007.
- ↑ Memorandum to Special Agent Ridgely on wikisource
- ↑ Reel 12 Department of Justice-Bureau of Investigation Surveillance of Black Americans, 1916-1925 cont. National Archives and Research Administration, RG 65 Federal Bureau of Investigation cont: 0703 Casefile OG 374217: Memorandum upon Work of the Radical Division, August 1, 1919 to October 15, 1919, Prepared by J. Edgar Hoover; and Other Memoranda. 1919-1920. 263pp. p. 19
- ↑ Reel 13 Department of Justice-Bureau of Investigation Surveillance of Black Americans, 1916-1925 cont. National Archives and Records Administration, RG 65 Federal Bureau of Investigation cont.: 0626 Casefile OG 391465: Confidential Informants, Memoranda of J. Edgar Hoover, Compensation, Policy, Washington, D.C. 1920. 3pp. p. 22 p. xxi
- ↑ J. Edgar Hoover to Special Agent Ridgely Washington, D.C., October 11, 1919 MEMORANDUM FOR MR. RIDGELY.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Theodore Kornweibel (Ed.) Federal Surveillance of Afro-Americans (1917-1925): The First World War, the Red Scare, and the Garvey Movement p. x. Retrieved on 1 December 2007.
- ↑ The Trial Part 1 Page 2. Marcusgarvey.com. Retrieved on 1 December 2007.
- ↑ The Trial Part 1 Page 3. Marcusgarvey.com. Retrieved on 1 December 2007.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Application for Executive Clemency by Marcus Garvey Marcusgarvey.com. Retrieved on 6 March 2009.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 (1987) Marcus Garvey: Life and Lessons. Univ. of California Pr., lvii. Retrieved on 2010-05-10.
- ↑ Online Forum: Marcus Garvey vs. United States
- ↑ First Message to the Negroes of the World from Atlanta Prison”
- ↑ “New York Times”, “Pardon Marcus Garvey by Judith Stein”, “5 November 1983, Page 5
- ↑ “The Collapse of the Only Thing in the Garvey Movement Which Was Original or Promising”, Last accessed 2 November 2007.
- ↑ Dubois, “The Crisis”, Vol 28, May 1924, pp. 8-9
- ↑ (1987) The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association papers. University of California Press, 233. ISBN 9780520058170. Retrieved on 2009-07-09.
- ↑ Grant, Colin (2008). Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey and His Dream of Mother Africa. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536794-2.
- ↑ American Series Introduction Volume I: 1826–August 1919 Accessed April 1, 2007.
- ↑ Spartucus Educational website, Ku Klux Klan, quoting from Negro World (September, 1923). Accessed December 3, 2007.
- ↑ Richard B. Moore, “The Critics and Opponents of Marcus Garvey,” in Marcus Garvey and the Vision of Africa, ed. John Henrik Clarke with Amy Jacques Garvey (New York, 1974), 228.
- ↑ Poem – Ras Nasibu of the Ogaden
- ↑ Current Biography 1943, p50
- ↑ Brothers and Strangers: Black Zion, Black Slavery, 1914-1940, Ibrahim K. Sundiata, Duke University Press 2003. ISBN 0-8223-3247-7, p. 313
- ↑ Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind, PBS documentary (transcript). Last accessed on December 3, 2007.
- ↑ People & Events: Earl and Louise Little. PBS Online (1999). Retrieved on 2010-06-15.
- ↑ June 20, 1965: Martin Luther King Jr. visits Jamaica
- ↑ The Black 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential African-Americans, Past and Present By Columbus Salley, Page 82, 1999, Citadel Press.
- ↑ Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). 100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, New York. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-57392-963-8.
- ↑ M.G. Smith, Roy Augier and Rex Nettleford, “The Rastafari Movement in Kingston, Jamaica,” Kingston 1960, p.5
- ↑ 32 Market Street, 25 January 2008
- ↑ http://www.edmontonplus.ca/arts_entertainment/marcus_garvey_centre_for_unity/1084248
- ↑ http://www.marcusgarvey.net/index.html
Further reading
Works by Marcus Garvey
- The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey. 412 pages. Majority Press; Centennial edition, 1 November 1986. ISBN 0-912469-24-2. Avery edition. ISBN 0-405-01873-8.
- Message to the People: The Course of African Philosophy by Marcus Garvey. Edited by Tony Martin. Foreword by Hon. Charles L. James, president- general, Universal Negro Improvement Association. 212 pages. Majority Press, 1 March 1986. ISBN 0-912469-19-6.
- The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey. Compiled and edited by Tony Martin. 123 pages. Majority Press, 1 June 1983. ISBN 0-912469-02-1.
- Hill, Robert A., editor. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vols. I-VII, IX. University of California Press, ca. 1983- (ongoing). 1146 pages. University of California Press, 1 May 1991. ISBN 0-520-07208-1.
- Hill, Robert A., editor. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers: Africa for the Africans 1921-1922. 740 pages. University of California Press, 1 February 1996. ISBN 0-520-20211-2.
Books
- Burkett, Randall K. Garveyism as a Religious Movement: The Institutionalization of a Black Civil Religion. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press and American Theological Library Association, 1978.
- Campbell, Horace. Rasta and Resistance: From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1987.
- Clarke, John Henrik, editor. Marcus Garvey and the Vision of Africa. With assistance from Amy Jacques Garvey. New York: Vintage Books, 1974.
- Cronon, Edmund David. Black Moses: The Story of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1955, reprinted 1969 and 2007.
- Garvey, Amy Jacques, Garvey and Garveyism. London: Collier-MacMillan, 1963, 1968.
- Grant, Colin. Negro with a Hat, The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey and his Dream of Mother Africa., London: Jonathan Cape, 2008.
- Hill, Robert A., editor. Marcus Garvey, Life and Lessons: A Centennial Companion to the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
- Hill, Robert A. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. Vols. I “VII, IX. University of California Press, ca. 1983 “ (ongoing).
- James, Winston. Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America. London: Verso, 1998.
- Kornweibel Jr., Theodore. Seeing Red: Federal Campaigns Against Black Militancy 1919-1925. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1998.
- Lemelle, Sidney, and Robin D. G. Kelley. Imagining Home: Class, Culture, and Nationalism in the African Diaspora. London: Verso, 1994.
- Lewis, Rupert. Marcus Garvey: Anti-Colonial Champion. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1988.
- Lewis, Rupert, and Bryan, Patrick, eds. Garvey: His Work and Impact. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988.
- Lewis, Rupert, and Maureen Warner-Lewis. Garvey: Africa, Europe, The Americas. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1986, 1994.
- Manoedi, M. Korete. Garvey and Africa. New York: New York Age Press, 1922.
- Martin, Tony. Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggle of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976.
- Martin, Tony. Literary Garveyism: Garvey, Black Arts, and the Harlem Renaissance. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
- Martin, Tony. African Fundamentalism: A Literary and Cultural Anthology of Garvey’s Harlem Renaissance. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983, 1991.
- Martin, Tony. Marcus Garvey: Hero. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
- Martin, Tony. The Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
- Martin, Tony. The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey. Dover, Mass.: Majority Press, 1983.
- Smith-Irvin, Jeannette. Marcus Garvey’s Footsoldiers of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1989.
- Solomon, Mark. The Cry Was Unity: Communists and African-Americans, 1917 “1936. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.
- Stein, Judith. The World of Marcus Garvey: Race and Class in Modern Society. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.
- Tolbert, Emory J. The UNIA and Black Los Angeles. Los Angeles: Center of Afro-American Studies, University of California, 1980.
- Vincent, Theodore. Black Power and the Garvey Movement. Berkeley, Calif.: Ramparts Press, 1971.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Marcus Garvey
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Marcus Garvey
Jefferson and Lincoln both prophesied the two races would never, ever get along [which is because most people are not spiritual or enlightened – you and I prove individuals can be good friends].
And if you bring in the Pharisee Jew to fan the hatred on both sides, then we have what we see now. The Charleston shooting is 100% a government op. I imagine you have seen the RedSilverJ video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81__Jc1ZEkQ
[JewTube has deleted it]
Charleston Church Shooting Hoax Crisis Actor CAUGHT Reciting Lines (Resilverj)
Let me tell you something: I am seriously scared this time. I am really very worried. We could have a full race war going this summer, and that is not just some figure of speech or hype. The enemy desperately needs to take the guns and free speech away. And then I will be on the Homeland Security A list to be arrested or killed, but you will be the B list, and that means a SWAT team at 3 am. Decapitate all possible oppositional leadership.
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